As Chahta people, we have a responsibility to know of our history, and that includes the treaties, Agreements and Acts of Congress. This will be an ongoing project to help in consolidating this information, more treaties will be added, and the other sources relevant to this topic.
I hope that I can make this easier to navigate to for research/educational purposes. As always, I encourage you to corroborate this through other sources. The following treaties are from the Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties by Charles J. Kappler. Clicking on the link will open a new window to the index where you can scroll down to Choctaws and then click on the corresponding links there.
Page Index:
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1786 (Hopewell Treaty I)
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1801 (Hopewell Treaty II)
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1802
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1803
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1805
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1816
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1820
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1825
- Treaty With The Choctaw, 1830
- Treaty With The Choctaw And Chickasaw, 1837
- Treaty With The Choctaw And Chickasaw, 1854
- Treaty With The Choctaw And Chickasaw, 1855
- Treaty With The Choctaw And Chickasaw, 1866
- Treaty With The Comanche, Etc., 1835
- Treaty With The Comanche And Kiowa, 1865
- Agreement With The Cherokee And Other Tribes In The Indian Territory, 1865
Hopewell Treaty I
Jan. 3, 1786
7 Stat., 21.
Articles of a treaty
concluded at Hopewell, on the Keowee, near Seneca Old Town, between Benjamin
Hawkins, Andrew Pickens and Joseph Martin, Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the
United States of America, of the one part; and of Yockonahoma, great Medal
Chief of Soonacoha; Yockehoopoie, leading Chief of Bugtoogoloo; Mingo-hoopoie,
leading Chief of Hashooqua; Tobocoh, great Medal Chief of Congetoo;
Pooshemastubie, Gorget Captain of Senayazo; and thirteen small medal Chiefs of
the first Class, twelve Medal and Gorget Captains, Commissioners
Plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw Nation, of the other part.
THE Commissioners
Plenipotentiary of the United States of America give peace to all the Choctaw
nation, and receive them into the favor and protection of the United States of
America, on the following conditions:
ARTICLE 1
The Commissioners
Plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw nation, shall restore all the prisoners,
citizens of the United States, or subjects of their allies, to their entire
liberty, if any there be in the Choctaw nation. They shall also restore all the
negroes, and all other property taken during the late war, from the citizens,
to such person, and at such time and place as the Commissioners of the United
States of America shall appoint, if any there be in the Choctaw nation.
ARTICLE 2
The Commissioners
Plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw nation, do hereby acknowledge the tribes and
towns of the said nation, and the lands within the boundary allotted to the
said Indians to live and hunt on, as mentioned in the third article, to be
under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign
whosoever.
ARTICLE 3
The boundary of the lands
hereby allotted to the Choctaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of
the United States of America, is and shall be the following, viz. Beginning at
a point on the thirty-first degree of north latitude, where the Eastern
boundary of the Natches district shall touch the same; thence east along the
said thirty-first degree of north latitude being the southern boundary of the
United States of America, until it shall strike the eastern boundary of the
lands on which the Indians of the said nation did live and hunt on the
twenty-ninth of November, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-two, while they
were under the protection of the King of Great-Britain; thence northerly along
the said eastern boundary, until it shall meet the northern boundary of the
said lands; thence westerly along the said northern boundary, until it shall
meet the western boundary thereof; thence southerly along the same to the
beginning: saving and reserving for the establishment of trading posts, three
tracts or parcels of land of six miles square each, at such places as the
United [States] in Congress assembled shall think proper; which posts, and the
lands annexed to them, shall be to the use and under the government of the
United States of America.
ARTICLE 4
If any citizen of the United
States, or other person not being an Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of
the lands hereby allotted to the Indians to live and hunt on, such person shall
forfeit the protection of the United States of America, and the Indians may
punish him or not as they please.
ARTICLE 5
If any Indian or Indians, or
persons, residing among them, or who shall take refuge in their nation, shall
commit a robbery or murder or other capital crime on any citizen of the United
States of America, or person under their protection, the tribe to which such
offender may belong, or the nation, shall be bound to deliver him or them up to
be punished according to the ordinances of the United States in Congress
assembled: Provided, that the punishment shall not be greater than if the
robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a
citizen.
ARTICLE 6
If any citizen of the United
States of America, or person under their protection, shall commit a robbery or
murder, or other capital crime on any Indian, such offender or offenders shall
be punished in the same manner as if the robbery or murder, or other capital
crime, had been committed on a citizen of the United States of America; and the
punishment shall be in presence of some of the Choctaws, if any will attend at
the time and place; and that they may have an opportunity so to do, due notice,
if practicable, of the time of such intended punishment, shall be sent to some
one of the tribes.
ARTICLE 7
It is understood that the
punishment of the innocent, under the idea of retaliation, is unjust, and shall
not be practiced on either side, except where there is a manifest violation of
this treaty; and then it shall be preceded, first by a demand of justice, and
if refused, then by a declaration of hostilities.
ARTICLE 8
For the benefit and comfort
of the Indians, and for the prevention of injuries or oppressions on the part
of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled, shall have
the sole and exclusive right of regulating the trade with the Indians, and
managing all their affairs in such manner as they think proper.
ARTICLE 9
Until the pleasure of
Congress be known, respecting the eighth article, all traders, citizens of the
United States of America, shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or
towns of the Choctaws, to trade with them, and they shall be protected in their
persons and property and kindly treated.
ARTICLE 10
The said Indians shall give
notice to the citizens of the United State of America, of any designs which
they may know or suspect to be formed in any neighboring tribe, or by any
person whosoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States of
America.
ARTICLE 11
The hatchet shall be forever
buried, and the peace given by the United States of America, and friendship
re-established between the said states on the one part, and all the Choctaw
nation on the other part, shall be universal; and the contracting parties shall
use their utmost endeavors to maintain the peace given as aforesaid, and friend
ship re-established.
In witness of all and every
thing herein determined, between the United States of America and all the
Choctaws, we, their underwritten commissioners, by virtue of our full powers,
have signed this definitive treaty, and have caused our seals to be hereunto
affixed.
Done at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this third day of January, in the
year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six.
Benjamin Hawkins, [L. S.]
Andrew Pickens, [L. S.]
Jos. Martin, [L. S.]
Yockenahoma, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Yockehoopoie, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Mingohoopoie, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Tobocoh, his x mark, [L.
S.]
Pooshemastuby, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Pooshahooma, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Tuscoonoohoopoie, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Shinshemastuby, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Yoopahooma, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Stoonokoohoopoie, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Tehakuhbay, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Pooshemastuby, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Tuskkahoomoih, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Tushkahoomock, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Yoostenochla, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Tootehooma, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Toobenohoomoch, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Cshecoopoohoomoch, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Stonakoohoopoie, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Tushkoheegohta, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Teshuhenochloch, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Pooshonaltla, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Okanconnooba, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Autoonachuba, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Pangehooloch, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Steabee, his x mark, [L.
S.]
Tenetchenna, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Tushkementahock, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Tushtallay, his x mark,
[L. S.]
Cshnaangchabba, his x
mark, [L. S.]
Cunnopoie, his x mark, [L.
S.]
Witness:
Wm. Blount,
John Woods,
Saml. Taylor,
Robert Anderson,
Benj. Lawrence.
John Pitchlynn,
James Cole,
Interpreters
Hopewell Treaty II
Dec. 17, 1801
7 Stat. 66
Ratified April 30,
1802/Proclaimed May 4, 1802
A treaty of
friendship, limits and accommodation between the United States of America and
the Chactaw nation of Indians.
THOMAS
JEFFERSON, President of the United States of America, by James Wilkinson, of
the state of Maryland, Brigadier-General in the army of the United States,
Benjamin Hawkins, of North Carolina, and Andrew Pickens, of South Carolina,
commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States on the one part, and the
Mingos, principal men and warriors of the Choctaw nation, representing the said
nation in council assembled, on the other part, have entered into the following
articles and conditions, viz:
ARTICLE
1
Whereas the
United States in Congress assembled, did by their commissioners
Plenipotentiary, Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, and Joseph Martin, at a
treaty held with the chiefs and head men of the Choctaw nation at Hopewell, on
the Keowe, the third day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand
seven hundred and eighty-six, give peace to the said nation, and receive it
into the favor and protection of the United States of America; it is agreed by
the parties to these presents respectively, that the Choctaw nation, or such
part of it as may reside within the limits of the United States, shall be and
continue under the care and protection of the said States; and that the mutual
confidence and friendship which are hereby acknowledged to subsist between the
contracting parties shall be maintained and perpetuated.
ARTICLE
2
The Mingos
principal men and warriors of the Choctaw nation of Indians, do hereby give
their free consent, that a convenient and durable wagon way may be explored,
marked, opened and made under the orders and instructions of the President of
the United States through their lands to commence at the northern extremity of
the settlements of the Mississippi Territory, and to be extended from thence,
by such route as may be selected and surveyed under the authority of the
President of the United States, until it shall strike the lands claimed by the
Chickasaw nation; and the same shall be and continue for ever, a high-way for
the citizens of the United States and the Choctaws; and the said Choctaws shall
nominate two discreet men from their nation, who may be employed as assistants,
guides or pilots, during the time of laying out and opening the said high-way,
or so long as may be deemed expedient, under the direction of the officer
charged with this duty, who shall receive a reasonable compensation for their
services.
ARTICLE
3
The two
contracting parties covenant and agree that the old line of demarkation
heretofore established by and between the officers of his Britannic Majesty and
the Choctaw nation, which runs in a parallel direction with the Mississippi
river and eastward thereof, shall be retraced and plainly marked, in such way
and manner as the President may direct, in the presence of two persons to be
appointed by the said nation; and that the said line shall be the boundary
between the settlements of the Mississippi Territory and the Choctaw nation.
And the said nation does by these presents relinquish to the United States and
quit claim for ever, all their right, title and pretension to the land lying
between the said line and the Mississippi river, bounded south by the
thirty-first degree of north latitude, and north by the Yazoo river, where the
said line shall strike the same; and on the part of the commissioners it is
agreed, that all persons who may be settled beyond this line, shall be removed
within it, on the side towards the Mississippi, together with their slaves,
household furniture, tools, materials and stock, and that the cabins or houses
erected by such persons shall be demolished.
ARTICLE
4
The
President of the United States may, at his discretion, proceed to execute the
second article of this treaty; and the third article shall be carried into
effect as soon as may be convenient to the government of the United States, and
without unnecessary delay on the one part or the other, of which the President
shall be the judge; the Choctaws to be seasonably advised, by order of the
President of the United States, of the time when, and the place where, the
re-survey and re-marking of the old line referred to in the preceding article,
will be commenced.
ARTICLE
5
The
commissioners of the United States, for and in consideration of the foregoing
concessions on the part of the Choctaw nation, and in full satisfaction for the
same, do give and deliver to the Mingos, chiefs and warriors of the said
nation, at the signing of these presents, the value of two thousand dollars in
goods and merchandise, net cost of Philadelphia, the receipt whereof is hereby
acknowledged: and they further engage to give three sets of blacksmith's tools
to the said nation.
ARTICLE
6
This treaty
shall take effect and be obligatory on the contracting parties, so soon as the
same shall be ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof.
In
testimony whereof, the commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States, and
the Mingos, principal men, and warriors of the Choctaw nation, have hereto
subscribed their names and affixed their seals, at Fort Adams, on the
Mississippi, this seventeenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and one, and of the Independence of the United States
the twenty-sixth.
James
Wilkinson, [L. S.]
Benjamin
Hawkins, [L. S.]
Andrew
Pickens, [L. S.]
Tuskona
Hopoia, his x mark, [L. S.]
Toota
Homo, his x mark, [L. S.]
Mingo
Hom Massatubby, his x mark, [L. S.]
Oak
Shumme, his x mark, [L. S.]
Mingo
Pooscoos, his x mark, [L. S.]
Buckshun
Nubby, his x mark, [L. S.]
Shappa
Homo, his x mark, [L. S.]
Hiupa
Homo, his x mark, [L. S.]
Illatalla
Homo, his x mark, [L. S.]
Hoche
Homo, his x mark, [L. S.]
Tuspena
Chaabe, his x mark, [L. S.]
Muclusha
Hopoia, his x mark, [L. S.]
Capputanne
Thlucco, his x mark, [L. S.]
Robert
McClure, his x mark, [L. S.]
Poosha
Homo, his x mark, [L. S.]
Baka
Lubbe, his x mark, [L. S.]
Witnesses
present:
Alexander
Macomb, jun. secretary to the commission,
John
McKee, deputy superintendent, and agent to the Choctaws,
Henry
Gaither, lieutenant colonel, commandant,
John H.
Brull, major, Second Regiment Infantry,
Bw.
Shaumburgh, captain, Second Regiment Infantry,
Frans.
Jones, Assistant Quartermaster General
Benjamin
Wilkinson, lieutenant and paymaster, Third United States Regiment,
J. B.
Walbach, aid-de-camp to the commanding general,
J.
Wilson, lieutenant, Third Regiment Infantry,
Samuel
Jeton, lieutenant, Second Regiment of Artillery and Engineers,
John F.
Carmichael, surgeon, Third Regiment United States Army.
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